Marta eliza orzeszkowa biography
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Marta by Eliza Orzeszkowa
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Orzeszkowa, Eliza (1841–1910)
Polish advocate for women's rights and novelist. Name variations: Eliza Orzeszko or Orszeszko. Born Eliza Pawlowska in 1841 in Milkowszczyzna, Lithuania; died 1910 in Grodno, Poland; married Pietr Orzeszko (a Polish noble), in 1857; no children.
Eliza Orzeszkowa is one of the best-known Polish writers of the 19th century. Born into a rural gentry family in Lithuania in 1841, she was well educated in Warsaw. She married a fellow student, Pietr Orzeszko, when she was 16. They were forced to flee their home during the Polish revolt against Russian rule in 1863. When the revolt failed, many of its supporters, including Eliza's husband, were sent into exile in Siberia by the Russian government. Orzeszkowa never saw him again, and undertook a long struggle to have her marriage annulled. His estates were confiscated, while she lost her own inherited lands due to high taxation, thus losing her only sources of income.
Orzeszkowa settled in Grodno (in present-day Byelorussia) in 1866 and turned to writing as a means of supporting herself. Her experiences during the rebellion against Russia combined with her intellectual upbringing to lead her to write novels and short stories that are at once patriotic, feminist, and humanitarian. Perhaps her most p
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Marta
Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841–1910) is one of the most prolific and esteemed Polish nineteenth-century prose writers. She was nominated twice for the Nobel Prize in Literature: in 1905 and in 1909. Her influence on Polish literary life was enormous. She inspired Stefan Żeromski, Władysław Reymont, Maria Dąbrowska, and many Polish female writers with her writing and her social justice work. Most of the Polish women’s literature of the post-1863 Uprising period was written with the encouragement and guidance of Orzeszkowa, the most widely appreciated and highly respected Polish woman writer of that time.
Anna Gąsienica Byrcyn is a published translator of Polish poetry and prose in English. She has been teaching Polish language and Polish literature for many years at various American universities, among them the University of Illinois, Indiana University, the University of Pittsburgh, and Loyola University, and Saint Xavier University.
Stephanie Kraft holds a Ph.D. in English literature from the University of Rochester (New York) with a specialty in nineteenth-century literature. She is the translator of STONE TABLETS by Wojciech Żukrowski (Paul Dry Books, 2016).
Grażyna J. Kozaczka is a distinguished professor of English and the director of the All College Honors Pr